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3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel Crowns: Primary Molar
Technique For Use

Effective local anesthetic should be given as the preparation will extend subgingivally.

Occlusal reduction is carried out to obtain clearance of approximately 1.5 mm (fig. 3).


Figure 3.

If a rubber dam has been placed, the preparation can be compared with the occlusal height of the neighboring teeth. The mesial and distal contact points are cleared and a smooth taper from occlusal to gingival should be obtained that is free of ledges or shoulders (fig. 2).


Figure 2.

All caries are removed and the line angles rounded off. Often half or more of the tooth preparation is completed simply by caries removal. It is possible to lose a large amount of the clinical crown, yet still be able to fit a stainless steel crown.

Stainless steel crowns are not close fitting, therefore the preparation does not have to be precise. The gingival finishing line should be a feather edge with no ledges or steps detectable. A reasonable taper mesially and distally will help to achieve this. If a step or ledge is present (fig. 3), the clinician will have difficulty seating the crown and may be tempted to trim it unnecessarily.



Figure 3.

No preparation is usually needed on the buccal or lingual surfaces of primary molars except where there is a pronounced mesio-buccal convexity as seen on some primary first molars. The stainless steel crowns are flexible enough to spring over minor contours.

When multiple crowns are to be placed in the same quadrant, the adjacent proximal surfaces of the teeth being prepared should be reduced slightly more than usual. This will make multiple crown placement easier.

The finishing line should be approximately 1 mm below the gingival margin.

The correct size crown is selected by measuring the mesio-distal width between the contact points of the neighboring teeth with calipers. If teeth are missing, the mesio-distal width of the matching tooth in the opposite arch can be measured. It is advisable to choose the smallest crown that will fit. If the crown is too large it is very time consuming to adjust it to obtain good retention.

When fitting a crown for a second primary molar, where the first permanent molar has not yet erupted, care must be taken when measuring the available mesio-distal dimension for the crown. If the stainless steel crown encroaches on the space needed for eruption of the permanent molar, its eruption path may be distorted.

To seat the crown on a prepared tooth it is placed lingually and rolled over the preparation to the buccal margin.

A crown will often make an audible "click" as it springs into place over the gingival undercut area. Firm pressure is usually needed to seat the crown.

The marginal gingiva will blanch somewhat with a well fitting crown as it seats. The crown margin should be located approximately 1 mm subgingivally both to give retention and a good cement seal (fig. 4).


Figure 4.

If excess gingival blanching is seen the crown will need to be trimmed. It may be helpful to scribe a line on the crown along the gingival contour with a sharp explorer. The crown can then be trimmed to 1 mm below the scribe line.

The occlusion should be checked and the crown removed with a sharp excavator.

Trimming can be done with crown scissors (fig. 5) (3M 801-202) or with an abrasive wheel. Some operators consider the latter to give a better result than cutting with crown scissors.


Figure 5.

After trimming, the crown will have a larger cervical opening. It must be crimped to regain its retentive contour.

3M™ ESPE™ Crimping Pliers (800421) (fig. 6) are recommended for ease and efficiency in crimping stainless steel crowns; however, conventional orthodontic pliers can also be used.


Figure 6.

Once the adjustments are completed, the crown margins should be thinned slightly and smoothed with a large "heatless" stone. Final polishing can be done with a rubber wheel.

The crown is now ready to be cemented. Resin-modified glass ionomer, polycarboxylate or zinc phosphate cements can be used. 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Luting Plus Cement is recommended as an easy to use fluoride releasing cement.

Stainless steel crowns are not a tight fit except at the margin, so a larger than normal volume of cement should be mixed (fig. 7).



Figure 7.

As the crown is seated over the tooth, excess cement should be seen to flow out from the margins. If excess cement is absent from the margins, it is an indication of an inadequate volume of cement which may lead to early failure of the crown. Excess cement is removed with a scaler or explorer, and knotted dental floss is used interproximally.

Finally the crown is checked for occlusion. The primary dentition has great ability to adjust to a slightly opened bite of 1mm or so over a few days with no adverse effect. The patient should be advised that there may be some temporary gingival discomfort when the local anesthetic wears off.

Stainless steel crowns can be adapted as useful space maintainers by soldering a loop of stainless steel wire to the buccal and lingual surfaces. Once space maintenance is completed, the soldered wire loop can be removed leaving the stainless steel crown in place until the primary molar is shed. The alternative of using an orthodontic band and soldered wire loop as a space maintainer may give rise to secondary caries if the cement beneath the band washes out.

Placement of 3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel Crowns is an economical and reliable treatment for primary molars giving excellent long-term function and patient comfort. The placement technique is quickly mastered. Crowns can often be fitted in less time than would be needed to complete some conventional multi-surface restorations.



Please refer to product instructions for more detailed information as well as precautionary and warranty information when using 3M™ ESPE™ materials.



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